media :: essays research papers

In spite of all the freedom, technology, and human rights that some of the countries posses in this new era, the debating on media thought match and media filter is still floating around with some supporters and others opposing this fact. Although the argument by Noam Chomsky and Ed contendd Herman was developed quite some time ago, but I desire this argument is still strongly valid at our time. Many examples to prove this argument can be given such as the media role during the state of war on Iraq, media coverage in the holy land for the conflict between the Palestinians and Israelis, and last but not least, the strongly influenced, and hidden hand of some mess that affect media. We all have witnessed the media propaganda carried by the US media and especially by CNN before the war on Iraq to market this war and strengthen president bush-league position from this war. President G.W. Bush said before going to war that the Iraqi people will welcome the American soldier with flow ers and smiles. However The new-sprung(prenominal) Yorker wrote in one of its release In April 2003, CNN aired footage of a marine in Baghdad who is confronted with a crowd of angry Iraqis. He shouts back in frustration, Were here for your f*** freedom George Packer, The New Yorker, November 24, 2003. The media also focused on the possibility that iraq has weapon of mass destruction to brainwash peoples opinion on this war. However they government didnt find any proofs We all have witnessed the media propaganda carried by the US media and especially by CNN before the war on Iraq, however the press was unable to adequately cover every second and provide detailed information about the war due to the anxiety of the news and information provided by reporters. One key example of this media failure is worth examining in greater detail. In Octobor 1990, testimony before the US erect of Representatives Human Rights Caucus told of Iraqi atrocities, particularly how Iraqi soldiers had remo ved babies from incubators in a Kuwait Hospital and talem the incubators back to iraq and leaving the infants to die in the infirmary floor.

Sociology of Racial and Cultural Groups Essay -- Sociology and Race

Three sociological perspectives used in the study of minorities are Structural functionalism, symbolic interactionalism and conflict theory. These perspectives offer theoretical paradigms for explaining how corporation influences people, taking into account the social factors that impact on human behavior. However, different theories, ideas, and prejudices can influence a sociologists conclusions. Each of these theories has a contribution to make with a distinct focus. Functional theory was influenced by Emile Durkheim. Adherents of this theory emphasize, Various parts of fraternity have functions or positive effects that promote solidarity and maintain the constancy of the whole. (Parrillo 11) Thus a society is held together by social consensus, or cohesion whereby members of the society agree upon and work together to achieve what is best for society as a whole. The social structure consists of status positions, roles and institutions (family, education and religion), and members that share common values. It is a system of interrelated and independent parts, and each of these parts plays an all-important(prenominal) role in fulfilling certain functions for a smooth operation of society. Functionalists think that all elements of society should function together to maintain order and stability, and under sample conditions, a society would be in a state of balance with all parts interacting harmoniously.Problems come about when the social system is no hourlong functional offsetting societys balance. . The most frequent cause for this disorganization is rapid social change, which causes conflicts. Because the focus is on societal stability an important issue in this outline of societal disorganization is whether to restore the ... ...to attain socioeconomic growth, educational and job opportunities, and also maintain ethnic solidarity. Alba and Nee indicate that we will have a better understanding of ethnic and racial differences if we refine the assimilation theory to address differences in settlement, language acquisition, and mobility patterns. REFERENCESJanzen, Rod. Melting Pot or Mosaic. Educational lead 799-11Ruane, Janet M. and Karen A. Cerulo. 1997. Education is the Great Equalizer. Pp156-162 in Seeing Conventional Wisdom through the Sociological Eye. California. Pine Forge Press. Parrillo, Vincent J. 2003. Strangers to These Shores. rising York Allyn and Bacon.Dzgourides, George and Christeie S. Zgourides. 2012. Cliffs Quick Review Sociology New York. IDG Books Worldwide Inc. Samuelson, Robert J. 2014 Can America Assimilate. Time, April 9, pp42

The Unknown Citizen :: essays research papers

The Unknown Citizen Is MeThe Unknown Citizen, a poem written by W.H. Auden, reflects a period of vast change in Americas history, making The Unknown Citizen an example of the disposals view of the perfect ultramodern man in an overrated, unrealistic society. During the duration period that this poem was written, in the late 1930s, The United States was going through tremendous social, political and economic change. side by side(p) the passing of Black Monday and at the onset of The Great Depression, many Ameri corporations held negative opinions of their government and the many positive aspects that once drew citizens to the United States were becoming more and more negative. The Great Depression fundament solelyy changed the relationship between the government and its people. Citizens began to expect and accept a larger federal role in their lives and the economy. During this time period, Americans were solventd cards with a personalized federal numbers, better known as Socia l Security cards, which in turn depersonalized the political system of the United States.We the people, detect our government as a coalition between our leaders and ourselves, leaders that we elect to represent and enforce our values. They merely see us a number. This issue emerges currently with regard to the election of the next president of the United States. The entire issue deals not with the citizens wants and needs, precisely with the numbers. We be no longer individuals, but merely a vast pool of insignificant numbers. Numbers that only become imperative when the disparity between them is diminutive. Was he free? Was he golden? The question is absurd Had anything been wrong we should certainly have heard (Auden). This question is still being asked today, the only difference now is that there is no interrogation whether or not the opinions of the masses are being heard. The question remaining is whether or not the government is actually listening to the people.This poem also expresses that government makes it seem that everyone else is doing the right thing, so you must follow in their footsteps and if you do so your reward is a happy and fulfilled life with all the comforts of the modern man. The standards are constantly changing so that you will never reach the optimum point, therefore you must always strive to improve. This can be seen in the 2000 Presidential Race. We the people have followed the same uniform procedures in determining our presidents since the founding of our country, yet we are now being told these standards are outdated and unreliable, which in turns breaks down our faith and the faith of other countries in our political system.

Essay --

YMCA Community Action Program (Y-CAP)The YMCAThe YMCA is a leading nonprofit organization for youth development, healthy living and social responsibility. The YMCA, also known as the Y, is a nonprofit like no different. This is because in 10,000 neighborhoods across the nation, Y-CAP has the presence and partnerships to promise and deliver a positive change.HistoryThe Memphis YMCA was a lay-evangelical fellowship of green men united by a common loyalty to Jesus Christ for the first 15 years that it existed. In the 1860s, the Memphis YMCA became inactive due to the civilised War, and the Yellow Fever epidemics of the 1870s. After that period, the Memphis YMCA became permanently recognized in 1883. Little was known about the Memphis YMCA from 1883-1907, except the active leadership that had been provided by John R. Pepper, who retained the association and kept it worthwhile. In 1907 Thomas B. King and John R. Pepper were correspondingly the president and vice president of the assoc iation. The YMCA of Memphis piloted a building fund endeavour and purchased a building site for $33,687, feeling the need for facilities. A $200,000 seven-story building was planned for the cite. By the time the building funds were raised Elias Porter was president. The prominent seven-story structure was completed in 1909, just in time for the buildings dedication by President William Howard Taft, accompanied by goernors from 27 states, on October 27, 1909. The Memphis YMCA opened over 150 years ago. The first building has been opened for more than 100 years, serving youth as well as adults of Memphis in a physical body of ways. Since 1909 the YMCA had developed and branched out in many directions. About the AgencyThe YMCA currently has eight full facility b... ...ng trouble feeding everyone in the home, Y-CAP could think of them to Mid-South Food Bank, who are in an alliance with them.ReviewY-CAP is the single most effective program I have seen for righting the path of waywar d youth. My experience as a DeSoto County attorney has shown me the long term benefit to the county that Y-CAP offers. Y-CAP is able to intervene in the lives of young people and provide an opportunity for that young person to perplex a productive citizen. By proper guidance through Y-CAP, juvenile offenders and at-risk youth are able to contribute to the connection, rather than drain its law enforcement and other resources. Y-CAP is proven successful in helping youth by involving the entire family. The benefits of a successful graduate are far reaching and an asset to the community that is immeasurable. William P. Myers, Attorney, Myers Graves, PLLC

Analysis Of Abe Kobos The Red :: essays research papers

Generally speaking, the purpose of most forms of artistic expression such(prenominal) as literary art, music, or art itself is a mode by which the author can express him/herself with. They use their respective skills and/or interests to convey feelings or thoughts on any given topic. Short fiction is by no means exempt from this. more writers use their literary skills to express dreams, aspirations, opinions, or level off political viewpoints. In order to make a dertermination of a probable origin for a story, research into the authors vivification and beliefs most likely will conjure benefical. With this in mind, Abe Kobo&8217s story &8220The Red Cocoon seems to be a prime example of an author expressing his political viewpoints and his personal conflicts with society through literature. Given this, researching his life and political stance might help to support or negate such an assumption. &8220The Red Cocoon begins with a man walking down a track discussing with himself the problem of non having a house to go home to. The narrator, who is also the main character, jumps abruptly from topic to topic throughout the story, but this reoccuring theme of the neglect of a house seems to be a central idea. As the narrator comtemplates, he wonders if he has just forgotten his house and proceeds to knock on the door of a random house to find out if this is what has happened. after he has explained his plight to the woman who answers the door, he begins arguing with her over having proof that it is not his house. Shortly thereafter, the narrator begins to ponder wether or not things such as concrete pipes or park benches are his house. Deciding that they are on their means to belonging to someone or that they belong to everyone and not just one person, he begins to wonder if anything exsists that belongs to no one. At the end of the story, he finds that one of his legs begins to straighten into a silk thread and wrap him up in a cocoon. Abe Kobo&8217s story i s quite abstract and seems to have little meaning. In fact, that is just the opposite. After reading some information about Abe Kobo, the story seems to take on a new meaning. Abe Kobo is considered to be one of the leading authors during the post-WWII era of Japanese history. Many of his works use what was then radical artistic methods of literature (&8220Abe Kobo).

Analysis Of Abe Kobos The Red :: essays research papers

Generally speaking, the purpose of most forms of artistic expression such as literary art, music, or art itself is a mode by which the author can express him/herself with. They use their respective skills and/or interests to convey feelings or thoughts on any given topic. Short fiction is by no means exempt from this. Many writers use their literary skills to express dreams, aspirations, opinions, or even political viewpoints. In order to make a dertermination of a potential origin for a story, research into the authors life and beliefs most likely will prove benefical. With this in mind, Abe Kobo&8217s story &8220The Red Cocoon seems to be a salad days example of an author expressing his political viewpoints and his personal conflicts with society through literature. Given this, researching his life and political stance might help to support or annul such an assumption. &8220The Red Cocoon begins with a man walking down a street discussing with himself the problem of not having a house to go home to. The fabricator, who is as well as the main character, jumps abruptly from topic to topic throughout the story, but this reoccuring theme of the lack of a house seems to be a central idea. As the narrator comtemplates, he wonders if he has just forgotten his house and proceeds to knock on the door of a random house to find out if this is what has happened. by and by he has explained his plight to the woman who answers the door, he begins arguing with her over having proof that it is not his house. Shortly thereafter, the narrator begins to ponder wether or not things such as concrete pipes or park benches are his house. Deciding that they are on their way to belonging to some unitary or that they belong to everyone and not just one person, he begins to wonder if anything exsists that belongs to no one. At the end of the story, he finds that one of his legs begins to unwind into a silk thread and wrap him up in a cocoon. Abe Kobo&8217s story is quite abstract and seems to have little meaning. In fact, that is just the opposite. After reading some information about Abe Kobo, the story seems to take on a new meaning. Abe Kobo is considered to be one of the leading authors during the post-WWII era of Japanese history. Many of his works use what was then radical artistic methods of literature (&8220Abe Kobo).

Change and Culture Essay

A merger is the trust of devil or more(prenominal) corporate entities to create one vernal nerve with one licensure and one digestr number for reimbursement purposes (Lielber & McConnell, 2008). Mergers occur for the following reasons a desire to increase coat to gain clout for negotiations with managed c are providers, the desire to penetrate young markets to attract additional customers, the need for improved efficiencies resulting from centralized administrative practices, and the desire to express boilersuit value of promoting readily available comprehensive care (Lielber & McConnell, 2008). Mergers occur on a daily.Mergers are a type of horizontal integration. Horizontal integration combines dickens or more corporations together through mergers and acquisitions (Borkowski, 2005). Horizontal integration increases the merged organization market base (Cai & Obara, 2009). Competition plays a huge role in business. In each industry, organizations compete against one a nonher to get a foothold in the market. Competition can be beneficial and detrimental to the mastery of organizations. Competition benefits organizations in that it keeps organizations current on the latest trends in technology and equipment.It can be detrimental in that it can cause organizations to take shortcuts in procedures that can be harmful to patients and consumers. Competition can cause management to only focus on being number one and view asing that spot at whatever cost. Customers are left holding the bag when and suffer when organizations focus solely on competition instead of focusing opposition the needs of the customer. almost organizations and industries strive on competition. Their goal is to be the scoop in their field and industry. In the health care industry, competition can be beneficial if organizations maintain their focus on providing prize patient care.This paper willing focus on the effects of merging a healthcare organization with a competitor. Discussio ns will focus on the impact the sale will have on the culture of the invigorated organization, what I can do as a tenderness manager to ensure the unite cater will work together to provide quality care without taking on a competitive stance, and describing what the organization will look like in terms of systems and shape. I will begin by looking at the organization in terms of systems and shape. comment of the OrganizationWhen merging organizations, the systems and shape of the organization will channelise to reflect the combining of the organizations. When merging organizations you have to create a perfect blend of the two organizations to create the new organizations. The best qualities of the organizations need to be combined to make the new organization a success. The goal of a merger is to achieve common benefits through synergies of mission, strategies, operations, and ultimately competitive and financial position (Kaufman & Grube, p. 46, 2009). The new organization wil l combine the best assets of both organizations.Services not previously offered at one or the other organization will be offered at the new organization as a result of the change. The new inpatient and outpatient service offered will increase our patient base. Although we will be offering new services, we will also have to eliminate some services offered that are not used on a consistent basis. We will have to make cuts that will help sustain the new organization. We will also make cuts to staff. When combining organizations, some departments will have to be downsized and combined to meet the needs of the new organizations.The new organization will be structured in a way that we provide efficient quality care to our patients. Providing Quality Care Mergers require a significant commitment on the part of leadership to arrangement and addressing the challenges and potential risks inherent in such an undertakingto both the getting entity and the acquired/partner-seeking organization (Kaufman & Grube, p. 46, 2009). We have to work to find a balance between providing the new inpatient and outpatient services, while maintaining quality care.Management has to review the strengths and weaknesses of both organizations and apply the strengths to the new organization. As a middle manager, it is my crease to ensure that the combined staff works well together. It is my job to listen to any concerns that staff may have about the merger and answer their questions to the best of my ability. I think the headstone to getting the combined staff to work together without taking a competitive stance is communication. To eliminate the competitive stance, I would hold a meeting with the new staff and give them an opportunity to discuss their concerns about working together.I would also have training seminars to make sure everyone is working to the best of their abilities and providing quality care. By realizing that there will be some minor hiccups caused the by the change, I am better prepared to handle the problems. When implementing a change to any aspect of the daily functioning of an organization it is historic to realize that there will be some compass point of uncertainty with the effectiveness of the change. This degree of uncertainty will be caused by the newness of the change and getting use to retiring the old operating standard (Hauptman & Tyre, 1992).It is important to face these uncertainties head-on in order to implement the change successfully. The competitive stance is caused by the degree of uncertainty, employees are unsure of how the merger will affect their job. They are afraid that the new staff will come in and take pushing them out of the way. I have to ensure the staff that we are a team and that we are all working toward the same goal of providing quality care to our patients. Providing quality care is the goal of the healthcare organization, the needs of the patients has to come first.Although healthcare organizations are a busi ness and it is important that the business aspects of the organization are met, patient care is the main goal of healthcare organizations. The focus has to be on what is best for the patient, not how much business or publicity the organization will receive from being competitive. The merger will change every aspect of the organization it is my job to bring unity to the new organization. The Culture of the New Organization The sale will have a huge impact on the new combined organization. Changes have to be implemented to support the new organization.Staffing and budget cuts have to be made in order to make the merger a success. The new organization has to combine the best aspects of both organizations to fill the void of what each organization was lacking. The new organization will focus on providing efficient quality services to their patients. The new organization will provide a competitive edge to the organization while maintaining quality care. The new organization will provide more services to patients that each organization could not previously provide. The combined organization will be able to create a stronger brand and pee more people.The new organization will be able to reach a larger patient base. More revenue will be gained by combining both organizations. The new organization will be able to provide care to more people in the community and surrounding communities. death In conclusion combining health care organizations will affect a larger number of people. Mergers require a commitment from both the acquiring organization and the acquired organization to work together to mutual benefits. Each organization enters into the merger to receive benefits they were not able to receive by themselves.Whether it is for financial reasons or to gain a competitive advantage, mergers are necessary for healthcare organizations to survive in todays industry. The healthcare industry has started to experience a tuneful chair situation. When the music stops, certa in hospitals are going to find themselves without a chair (Kaufman & Grube, p. 50, 2009). The hospitals without chairs have to merge in order to stay in the game. When merging, it is important to analyze the risks and benefits to ensure the success of the merger. To ensure success, the merger has to be mutually beneficial for all parties involved.

Advertising and Promotional Culture Essay

Race and Class in Verizon TV Ads No matter what are the patterns of the ads, the ultimate purpose of ad is attracting public attentions and selling the products. Based on different function groups, the ads from the same brand in like manner need to change the advertisement images, backgrounds and lines, to reach as umteen consumers as possible. Verizon Communication Inc is unmatchable of the most famous broadband and telecommunications company in United States. Its service range is very broad, including mobile phone, TV and Internet, and its habit groups covers low class, middle class and upper class people.In this paper, I will analysis the class and racial elements in Verizon 4G LTE commercial and Verizon Mobile Devices and health billing commercial. Applying multi-racial advertising talents and different story telling methods, Verizon stresses on the class segregation while pays less attention on racial differences. This advertising strategy helps Verizon fork its consump tion groups based on their consumption abilities. It is not only one method to avoid the disadvantage of racial selling, which easily limits the consumption groups, but also direct the company to improve the services to satisfy each specific class better.The Verizon 4G LTE commercial is also called Bad Idea commercial. Just as the Afri canful American guys keep saying Whassup in the Budweiser ad, Verizon keep examineing the bold discolor Bad Idea sign after the men in the ad say some bad ideas. The background of the ad is a group of write down class men gather together and play basketball. During the break, they chat and handle informations. You guys check it out, household bleach. Look Good. I know, right? Then the Bad Idea comes out with a sting sound. I tell you what saves the gas money. My kids finger to the school. Great Call. Then the Bad Idea sign comes out again. After two much(prenominal) guys share their information and both have been categorized as Bad Idea, t he fifth man comes over, says, Surprisingly the Verizon 4G LTE is like 6 times bigger, but I am going AT&T. kind of of showing the Bad Idea sign again, the voiceover tell the consumers what is the Good Idea, There are comfortably ideas and bad, with over 6 times much coverage, Verizon, is the good idea.This ad uses a sarcastic way to impress the people of lower class and the spectacular consumption strategy to sell the service. To sell the product to a group of people, ads always build up the environment and back ground they familiar with first. Watts defined spectacular consumption as a affect through which the relations among cultural forms, the culture industry, and the lived experiences of persons are shaped by public consumption. The group of men in the ad have sparing pressure and family burden so they come up their own ideas to save the money.Maybe playing basketball on weekends is their only chance to get rid of work and family messes, so they exercise, brag and relax. The group of men in the ad is the epitome of the lower class men in the United States. Their income is limited so they hope for better quality services with reasonable prices. And this the reason that Verizon keeps telling the men in front of the TV that their 4G is over 6 times more coverage compared to AT&T, which means we have better quality than AT&T and fair price. Peoples consumption habits can easily be effected by the surrounding people.The same situation happens in the ad. Though most of the ideas come from those guys are bad ideas, but their friends are willing to accede it. And this is the disadvantage of speculation consumption. Unless people can make right decisions, because good ideas always spread. And this is the ultimate direction that Verizon is willing to go. If the men do not necessitate to make bad decisions and feel brighter in their peers, choosing Verizon is always a good proof. Unlike focusing on social class characteristics mostly, this ad add one Africa n American talent to minimize the racial segregation.It cannot change the fact that even in this small group, it is still white man dominant, but the black talent definitely increase the group diversity and make this more likely in American society. The situation in the opposite commercial is the other way. This is the TV commercial expressing how Verizon contributed in the health care field. To create out the confidence and reliability of Verizons services, the talents who play doctors and nurses in the ad look tidy, still and helpful.One of the similarities among them is they all use mobile devices to check out the medical records, 3D brian scanner pictures or drug information. The patients are the other essential consumption group that Verizon wants to attract, so Verizon states that patients can measure the heart rate and the contractions and send them directly to the clinic through mobile devices, as well as helping the patients diddle their illness history. All the advantag es prove the Verizon tries to improve collaborations between care givers and patients.Also, instead of putting the lines into the talents mouth, this ad use the voiceover to tell us the benefits of the service. In this way, Verizon makes the ad more like a Public Addressing Ad instead of a commercial ad. It may makes the consumers feel that Verizon is not only one company which just care about their own profits, it also cares about the society and is willing to pay back. Compared to the former 4G ad portraying the simpleminded, funny and a little arrogant lower class men, this ads pictures doctors and nurses, middle and higher class people as warm-hearted, dedicated and smart.They are the best group to publicize the reliability of high technology. Verizon applies the graphics and the statistics to show how professional Verizon can be in healthcare field. I find the multi-racial aspect is worth mentioning in this ad. Cortese once said in her paper that advertising images, as cultura l commodities and social constructions, are sites of struggle along racial fault lines in the United Statess cultural landscape(Cortese, 1), and I think it is a good example of the improvement of racial problem in this country.On the one hand, the white people in this ad is still more than the colored people. After all, the United States is still one white dominancy society, but at the same, it is also a big Melting Pot. So we can still find the Asian American and Latino/African American face from this ad. Moreover, because doctor and nursers are care givers, so they are in a powerful statues, while patients are considered as the care acceptors and they are in a weaker position.In order to show the equal presentation, the ad also categorizes the Asian American as the doctor and the Latino/African American as the patient instead of ask both of them to be the patients. Different company has motley adverting strategy. Luxury brands need to show their sharp fashion taste while normal b rands must present their money-saving advantage. But for brands like Verizon, which provides necessary services for roughly every class people, they need to use diverse selling advertisements to hit all possible consumption groups.From the two typical Verizon ads, people can argue that the selling strategy of Verizon is dividing consumption groups based on their social class instead of their races. It is a more realistic way to provide different cost plans to various income groups. And it can also attract all people who has this economical ability instead of blocking out of some potential consumers because racial discrimination. In this way, Verizon could possible to increase their consumer range and increase their profit.

Afghanistan and Turkic States

Turkmenistan formerly also known asTurkmenia(Russian ), is one of theTurkic statesinCentral Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of theSoviet Union, theTurkmen Soviet Socialist Republic(Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independentTurkic states. It is bordered byAfghanistanto the southeast,Iranto the south and southwest,Uzbekistanto the east and northeast,Kazakhstanto the north and northwest and theCaspian seato the west. Turkmenistans GDP growing rate of 11% in 2010ranks 4th in the world, but these figures are subject to wide margins of error. 5It possesses the worlds fourth largest reserves of natural gas resources. Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by theKarakum (Black Sand) Desert. The Turkmen government operates as asingle-party system. 6Turkmenistan was ruled byPresident for behaviorSaparmurat Niyazov(called Turkmenbasy leader of the Turkmens) until his sudden death on 21 December 2006. Gurbang uly Berdymukhammedovwas elected the new president on 11 February 2007.The territory of Turkmenistan has a long history, as armies from one empire after another decamped there on their way to more prosperous territories. The constituents written history begins with its conquest by theAchaemenid Empireof antediluvian patriarch Persia, as the region was divided between thesatrapiesofMargiana,KhorezmandParthia. citation needed Alexander the Greatconquered the territory in the 4th centuryBCon his way toCentral Asia, about the time that theSilk Roadwas established as a major trading route betweenAsiaand theMediterranean Region. citation needed Approximately 80 years later, PersiasParthian res publicaestablished its capital inNisa, now in the suburbs of the capital,Ashgabat. After replacement of the Parthian empire by Persian Sassanids, another native Iranian dynasty, the region remained territory of the Persian empire for several centuries. 7 In the 7th century AD,Arabsconquered this region, introducingIslam. The Turkmenistan region soon came to be known as the capital ofGreater Khorasan, when the caliphAl-Mamunmoved his capital toMerv. citation needed In the middle of the 11th century, theTurkoman-ruledSeljuk Empireconcentrated its strength in the territory of modern Turkmenistan in an exertion to expand intoKhorasan(modernAfghanistan). The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their independence whenGenghis Khantook control of the easternCaspian Searegion on his march west. For the next seven centuries, the Turkmen people lived under various empires and fought constant inter-tribal wars. Little is documented of Turkmen history former toRussianengagement.

Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest

Art from its very beginning has played the role of upgrading the value of the society. Literature works have taken the responsibility of ameliorate the value of the degraded societies. Literature works ar the perfect mirrors of the nature, culture and practices prevailed in societies existed in different ages. Literature of twentieth century would differ from that of the ordinal century. The characters of the literature works argon the representatives of the generation of that period. Poets and authors were very much aware and bothered approximately the society and people and used their pen as a sword to destroy the evilness that existed. The best way to learn history and culture and the life of early generations is to move done the literature works of that incident period.Plays of famous playwrights beautifully illustrate the whole generation of that age. It will also reflect the dialect and standard of the generation. Writings in particular have the faculty to touch the very base of the society by criticizing and applauding its activities, conventions, customs and practices. all(prenominal) the plays, novels and other works have something good to exhort to the society. A piece of opus will be highly influenced by the background of the author and the place which he represents. The magnificence of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde and Hamlet by William Shakespeare are two examples of such works that contain high incorrupt and social theme in it. The splendour of Being Earnest of Oscar Wilde is an ultimate demolition of recently nineteenth-century moral and social attitudes and is a comic critique of late overnice value.Oscar Wildes witty remark The truth is rarely pure and never simple exhibits a major theme of the play. Truth in Victorian England was revealed in the stagnant social conventions that suppressed individual expression. The play openly criticized various sluggish and vena practices. Oscar Wilde was against this conventional notion of truth as it was used to keep blinders on the society and prevented individuals from looking at life from different angles. He wanted secure truth to a different way. He did not respect anything which is traditionally considered as truth value or godliness.He was against the rigid set of rules that are vatical to be as truth or justice. There were various examples of human nature and reality that were evident throughout the play The Importance of Being Earnest. benignant practices and the belief close to holiness or justice often will be quite away from the actual truth or justice. It is also a fantasy in which unattainable human ideals are permitted to realize themselves. He wonders what does it mean to be perfectly earnest? How does it differ from society and people? He himself was show to be perplexed while exploring certain things and cry out what meaning does the word earnest give. Oscar Wilde himself addressed this play as A useless comedy for sober people. The moral confus ion in the play is an example of the mishap that prevailed in the contemporary Victorian society.In The Importance of Being Earnest, the belief of uniting is of paramount importance. The question of the nature of marriage appears first time in the opening dialogue among Algernon and his butler, Lane, and this point continues for a while. The play depicts an ongoing debate most the nature of marriage, discussing whether it is pleasant or unpleasant. Lane says that marriage is a pleasant area though he late says that his marriage was the consequence of a serious misunderstanding between myself and a young person. The creations of Lane about marriage is somewhat lax as far as Algernon is concerned.His concepts are found to be persistently cynical till he falls in love with Cecily. Algernon, but, opines that the truth isnt quite the sort of thing one tells to a nice, sweet, refined girl. These contrasting and confusing views of these characters of the play are the original reflecti on of the chaotic Victorian society and their morality. The Importance of Being Earnest intended slide fastener but pure criticism.In general these assumptions reveal the conventional preoccupations of Victorian respectability its social position, character and income. Morality and the constraints is also a major topic throughout The Importance of Being Earnest. Algernon (character) is of the opinion that it is the responsibility of the servant class to set a moral standard for the upper classes. In Jacks (character) opinion, culture a private cigarette case itself so-and-so be ungentlemanly. Algernon points that More than half of modern culture depends on what one shouldnt read. All these assumptions and restrictions formulated a strict code of morals that prevail in Victorian society. Oscar Wilde is not bothered with questions of what is moral and what is not.He however criticizes the whole Victorian concept of considering morality as a rigid body of rules defining what people should and should not do. Earnestness, which stands for the quality of being serious and the quality of being sincere, is the fountainhead object of satire of the play. Oscar Wilde wants us to consider irreverence, the opposite of earnestness, as the true moral character. But, earnestness, seriousness or sincerity is the chief most enemy of morality in The Importance of Being Earnest. Earnestness may appear in different styles like boringness, solemnity pomposity, smugness, self-righteousness, sense of duty, and complacency all of which Wilde saw as hallmarks of the Victorian character.For Oscar Wilde, the term earnest is a combination of two ideas the notion of chimerical truth as well as the idea of dishonorable morality. We move see Jack and Algernon attempting to break away from the strictures of modesty and decency by inventing some fabricated alter egos. It is nothing but the false morality and values of the Victorian society that impelled them for this. These incidents ar e the pure example of the haughtiness, smugness and other false practices prevailed in the Victorian society. The Importance of Being Earnest. Criticizes the whole Victorian morality their false strictness and practices.The pun in the play strikes at the core of the Victorian concept of duty and respectability. We can see Gwendolen desiring to marry Earnest though she is not sure of this earnestness. She simply forgives the deception of Jack. Jack pretends to be both Earnest and earnest and become the representative of Victorian hypocrisy in the play. The notion of sexual inversion (different types of inversion) found in The Importance of Being Earnest. is also intended to criticize similar morality in the Victorian society. Algernon says that Divorces are made in paradise which is against the common notion that Marriages are made in Heaven. Jack later says that it is terrible for a man to be truthful throughout his life.This represents the crappy morality and practices prevailed in the contemporary Victorian society. The characters of the play simply inverted the conventional morality and displayed the standard of the Victorian society in their actions. The female characters of The Importance of Being Earnest. symbolize an inversion of accepted Victorian practices with respect to the gender roles. Gwendolen, Cecily, Lady Bracknell and al other characters possess a face of deception and false morality. The weakness of the characters represents the weakness of the contemporary Victorian society. The moral paradox, the moral breakdown of the Victorian society is the most evident theme of the play.Jokes about death are also visible throughout the play The Importance of Being Earnest. These death jokes give a layer of dark humor to the play and connect to the concept of life being a work of art. The characters in the play discuss death as a happening over which a person can gain control. Double life is another concept that is visible in The Importance of Being Earnest. One of the important paradoxes of The Importance of Being Earnest is the state of impossibility to become earnest or moral even though some people claim to be so. We can see Lady Bracknell commenting about death. An incident of inversion happens as she says that her friend Lady Harbury appears twenty years younger after her husbands death. She is of the opinion that death is an inconvenience for others. When she hears about the death of Bunbury (as per the physicians predictions) she praises Bunbury as she moved under proper medical advice.As per the talk of Miss Prism, death is an experience from which people can learn a moral lesson. She opines that it would be good for Ernest to die. Algernon and Jack put plans for killing the imaginary brother of Jack. These superstitions, ignorance, death jokes or dark humor explain life as a wok of art. The character of the play considers death as something which is under the control of man. For them death is the ultimate decision tha t one can take to shape and color his life. These characters, their beliefs, thoughts and morality are directly pulled out from the life in the Victorian society. Victorian people maintained the same ideology during those times. Oscar Wilde was planning an open criticism through his play The Importance of Being Earnest.ReferencesJordan, R. J. (1970). Satire and Fantasy in Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest.Reinert, O. (1956). Satiric Strategy in The Importance Of Being Earnest.Bloom, Harold. Oscar Wilde. New York Chelsea House, 1985.Ericksen, Donald H. Oscar Wilde. capital of Massachusetts Twayne Publishers, 1977.Freedman, Jonathan, ed. Oscar Wilde, A Collection of Critical Essays. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1996.Gagnier, Regenia. Idylls of the Marketplace, Oscar Wilde and the Victorian Public. Palo Alto, California Stanford University Press, 1986.Pearce, Joseph. The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde. London HarperCollins UK, 2001.Raby, Peter. Oscar Wilde. New York Cam bridge University Press, 1988.Siebold, Thomas. Readings on The Importance of Being Earnest. San Diego, California Greenhaven Press, 2001.

Qualities I Look for in My Friend

qualities I look for in admirers Friends are an indispensable factor in our live, just as a main dish in a meal. Frankly, I have a lot of friends. Yet, I dont know whether they are sincere or just hypocritical. Sometimes, I cant really figure out. But still, I or should I say each 1, wishes to have friends with adept qualities. According to what William Penn says A true friend freely, advises justly, assists readily, adventures boldly, takes all patiently, defends courageously, and continues a friend unchangeably. Penn tries to say that a real and a good friend have a tangible qualities, which every friend look for it on his/her friend.To be trustworthy, trusted, attentive, and funny is qualities I look for when I choose my friend. First, I want a loyal friend. Someone who is honest enough with me. I mean is just tell me frankly what they think about me that can help me to change myself into a better person. Someone who hollow me in the front. Who never lie at me and never dra wn a second face. An honest friend lend me the confidence when I lost. Or charge can help me to do the right thing not the wrong one. The honesty is a big deal to me in the friend I willing choose. Second, trusted is also important as much as honesty in my friend quality.I mean someone who keeps my secrets. Or even can be my secret. However, It is not funny but ironic when someone that I used to trust and call her good friend leave me or betray me when I needed her the most. It is extremely painful It might make me feel like I have taken advantage of, deceived or backstabbed. In conclusion, being my friend mean be my secret. Third, a friend should have to be attentive as well. My friend should share his/her life with me as well as I will do. A friend should never weigh the benefits before helping someone.That is super good when a good friend lends a helping glove in times of need and the extra support gives us a lift spiritually. Related to above, I want to have such a good frien d like this but in order to have one, I know I have to be one. In conclusion being attentive is an important quality I ordered in my friend. Last and not least, funny friend could also be important to me. In other center funny but good. Someone who see me in need to make a face do anything to draw it on my face. Someone who smile a real smile not fake. Moreover, being funny is an unmistakable quality in a friend. friend who tells a funny jocks could also be a good one to have. Finally, I hope my friends will be able to listen of my joys and sorrows patiently and not give any judgments or comments. In conclusion, Friendship is a hotshot soul dwelling in two bodiesaccording to Aristotle. So that, the qualities should be matched to make that relationship. And for me being my friend mean having qualities I missed, so we can fill in each other. Meanwhile, Not just anyone can be called your friend. A friend has to first meet several qualifications and have many outstanding characteris tics to have the admire of holding such a prestigious title.

Determining Shareholder Value Analysis Through Performance Management

IntroductionAlthough stockholder encourage prosodies and cheer- imbrutedd counselling are widely identified and good known, but they are far from being univers anyy applied. overage ages of restructuring and employee layoffs frequently attributed to stockholder evaluate considerations attached with self-interested complaint and small sighted and concentrate on current stock mo send awayary lever has promoted defeat and uncertainness. Therefore, it is censorious to understand the stockholder encourage flack catcher and its discrepancies. Additionally, it is indispensable for the stockholder take to be assault that the aims of the troughs and the guild s stockholders status to be aligned and should be pore on give uping superior stockholder nourish. Known the globalisation of crown markets and their worsening boundaries, economic systems impart bit by bit run out of big(p) if they are non capable to tell on stockholder wealth and on that top dogfore attract inv estors. If economic systems are incapable to supply superior or at least fulfilling returns they will fall in further and further buttocks in pla finalary competition and will drop employment chances. Therefore, a value- bagfuld system grows in signifi flowerpotce, as capital becomes more nomadic ( ODonnell, 2008 ) .Anyhow, this theoretical base investigate seeks to supply critical rating of mensurating stockholder wealth through the qualitative and decimal techniques, such as economic value creative activity ( EVC ) . Falling inwardly the model of EVC are a figure of similar constructs utilizing legion acronyms, such as EVA ( economic value added ) SVA ( stockholder value analysis ) , VBM ( value-based thrill ) and qualitative steps i.e. , quality, client gaiety, larning and invention and internal business sector procedures ( equilibrate poster ) . These constructs all represent ways to associate the strategic determinations at executive degree with the operational drivers used by the front-line directors and employees ( Schuster, 2000 ) . This explore will concentrate merely, on the construct of stockholder value and their determiners. Shareholder value analysis ( SVA ) is one of the legion non-traditional prosodies used in the line universe. SVA evaluates the fiscal value of a attach to by measuring the return that goes to their shareholders. SVA besides supports company managers by concentrating on strategic aims as it maximises the wealth of company shareholders in cosmopolitan ( Baker, 2001 ) . Therefore, SVA is value-based step, intended to pulsation apprehension aims, capital undertakings, maximizing the long-run stockholders wealth etc ( Pike and Neal, 2006 ) .3. BackgroundThe basic construct of value is traceable back in clip to the nineteenth century economic theory that leads the manner to the estimation of Residual Income ( Magni, 2009 ) . However, the term Value-based trouble and acronyms such as VBM or MSV ( pull offing for st ockholder value ) have non used until the mid-1990s. VBM is a formal, systematic attack to pull offing companies to achieve the aim of maximizing value creative activity and stockholder value overtime ( McTaggart et al, 1994 ) and stockholder value direction and its analysis has been greatly stressed and introduced in late by doodly-squat Welshman.Value-based direction is a systematic attack to direction, whereby the company s overall aspirations, logical techniques, and direction procedures ( should aline ) to assist the company to maximize its value by concentrating direction determination doing on the cardinal number drivers of value ( Copeland et al, 2000 ) . Value-based direction became popular in the mid-1980s when Alfred Rappaport published his descriptive text, Making Shareholder Value . However, stockholder value orientation is common in concerns and it is still on high dB argument either the managera?s exclusive focal calculate should be to raise the firma?s value. Ther efore, this factor pushes me to follow and acquire on with this research analysis in deep.In brand-new epoch the New Standard for Business Performance has been developing. Companies such as Boots, Lloyds TSB, and Cadbury Schweppes were shortly doing unfastened universe committednesss to mounting value for their stockholders ( Maple-croft, 2005 ) . So we can state that stockholder value is a concern term, which entails the critical step of a company s supremacy and stockholders value by and large understood through three cardinal elements likely, making value ( procedures ) , mensurating value ( EVA and MVA ) and pull offing for value that is administration, direction, administration, civilization and communicating ( ICMA, 2009 ) . Corporations retained their earning for growing and development usually they invest in employee preparation, and in different concern procedures like physical as distinguishs merely to acquire more sweetener and this sweetening increases the stockho lders value in concern in financial signifier ( Jhunjhunwala, 2009 ) .Harmonizing to Rapport, ( 1986 ) The SVA used in several ways as,It is preserve to the market capitalisation of a company.It is mentioning to the construct of the primary end for a company is to increase the wealth of stockholders ( proprietors ) by paying dividends and/or doing the stock pecuniary value to increase ( Rapport, 1986 ) .It is refer to the more detail impression that planned actions by direction and the returns to stockholders should surpass certain benchmarks such as the cost of capital construct ( Swensen, 2000 ) .In kernel, the thought stockholders money should be used to gain a higher return than they could gain themselves by puting in otherwise assets holding the same sum of impale ( Rapport, 1986 ) . If hazards are at that place so there must be answerability has to be exist so answerability of concern at all degrees increased perceptual experiences of value-added in concern ( Baker, 200 1 ) . In recent old ages increasing acknowledgment that business-based intangible assets are great drivers of value. Business base parametric quantities can recognize as a taking force in creative activity and for direction of these market based assets. To make this we must present common model for cosmos showing measuring and its part in value- added direction for the interest of stockholders ( Reimann, 1987 ) .4. Performance ManagementHistorically, public show step systems was developed as a agency of monitoring and keeping organizational control, which is the procedure of guaranting that an administration pursues intrigues that lead to the accomplishment of overall ends and aims ( Nanni, et al 1990 ) . Performance step plays a critical function in every administration, as it is frequently space as a advanced system of measurings that assist directors to foretell the company s economic public creation and topographic point the demand for accommodations in operations. In ad d-on, public presentation step can supply directors, supervisors, and operators with information needful for doing day-to-day opinions and determinations ( Reimann, 1987 ) . Performance step uses by administrations on a regular basis, as it enables them to guarantee that they are accomplishing uninterrupted betterments in their operations in social club to prolong a competitory border, addition market portion and increase net incomes. Traditional steps public presentation step has chiefly been fiscal mensurating ratios such as ROI ( Return on Investment ) , RI ( Residual Income ) , and EPS ( Earnings per portion ) ( Pike and Neal, 2006 ) . These cost associated prosodies histories help house s topographic point countries in which capital invested profitlessly. So regular opinion through strategic survey must in topographic point to accomplish and modulate direction focal point consequently.5. Strategic ManagementStrategic managementA can be used to find mission, vision, values, en ds, aims, functions and duties, timelines etc, but at strategic degree. So strategic direction can specify as its Strategic direction is the set of managerial determinations and actions that determines the long-term public presentation of an administration ( Robbins and Coulter, 2005 P-86 ) .Harmonizing to Favaro, ( 2003 ) doing top direction more responsible for mounting the company s intrinsic value is the key to protecting stockholder involvements. The top direction should understand the importance of strategic survey when there is inquiry of how to increase the stockholders wealth through concern procedures, it is leads long-run strategic thought, and it consequences in higher organisational public presentation. The bulk executives today understand that the demand to make stockholder value is critical. However, many discover that attempts to present on this cardinal are frustrated in pattern. Turning concerns and bettering profitableness by traditional factors ofttimes fail to gain the assurance of investors. Higher market portion and broader client acknowledgment go unrecognised, or even worse, which are punishing by the capital markets. By and large, the most competitory direction squads are reacting to the force per unit area to make value by implementation new public presentation prosodies and new theoretical accounts for pull offing their companies. As strategic director, they purpose ready to rush up that passage. In most instances, strategic direction avail by transform their administrations with the undermentioned factorsBy deriving a superior apprehension of what drives value,By redesigning fiscal direction systems to analyze and describe information from the slur of part to value, andBy developing a powerful inducements system for directors to construct stockholder wealthStrategic direction squad transport a logical, undifferentiated model for nearing strategic and tactical determinations from a value-based demandion. When suitably impleme nted, this model becomes a true beginning of competitory advantage that eventually turns in to maximal stockholders wealth.6. A value based attackIncreased stockholder value should be the concluding end of any history able concern activity. By getting better client value and pull offing market-based assets, concern activities contribute to hard currency flow coevals, which leads to improved stockholder value. SVA is the doctrines for merchandise or utility of combined attempts from the direction to the employees in big ( Pike and Neal, 2006 ) .7. Sustainable Business SchemeThe authoritative conversation on concern scheme for sustainability has started in the concern and this conversation is greater than earlier and this is from consumers, employees, and stockholders on a common intent and a passion for companies that do good by making good. Any scheme without sustainability at its nucleus can be obviously irresponsible, and bad for concern, bad for stockholders, bad for the envir onment in big. These challenges represent alone chances for large trade in call such as Dell, Toyota, Procter & A Gamble, and that are implementing built-in, instead than sideline, schemes for sustainability. These companies are making as by confirming practical model for alteration ( Presto, 2005 ) which involves prosecuting employees, utilizing transparence as a concern tool, and harvesting the wagess of a networked organisational construction ( Werbach, 2009 ) . Leave your old impressions of corporate societal duty and environmentalism behind ( more draw back ) . Werbach, ( 2009 ) is get downing a wholly new duologue around sustainability of endeavor. Sustainability is now a great and really competitory strategic advantage, and constructing it into the nucleus of any concern and research worker ( I ) believe, it is the lone means to guarantee that your company will be survive and companies can construct more of their stockholders value in pecuniary term.8. Economic Value added ( EVA ) EVA is the innovation of Stern Stewart & A Co. , a planetary consulting house, which launched EVA in 1989 ( Virtanen and Salami 2001 ) . EVA is Economic Value Added, a step of economic net income. It is calculate as the difference amongst the Net Operating Net income after Tax ( NOPAT ) and the chance cost of invested Capital. This chance cost is determines by the toilsome mean cost of Debt and Equity Capital ( WACC ) and the sum of Capital employed ( Joseph et al. , 2005 ) .Harmonizing to Stewart, ( 1991 ) given the utility of the step, many companies have adopted it as portion of a comprehensive direction and inducement system that drives their determination procedures. They strive to increase their EVA byIncreasing the NOPAT generated by bing CapitalReducing the WACCInvesting in new undertakings where the Return go over the WACCDepriving Capital where the Return is below the WACCSuch focal point on value creative activity has provided and served the stockholders good and this is the reclaim manner.9. Market Value AddedMVA is a computation that demonstrates the difference between the market value of a company and the capital contributed by investors ( both bondholders and stockholders ) .A In other words, it is the amount of full capital claims, which held against the company, plus the market value of debt and equity. It is calculated as MVA= Company s Market Value- Invested Capital ( Lin and Wang, 2003 Stock research, 2009 ) .10. Difference between economic value added and market value addedEconomic value addedA ( EVA ) is a public presentation step the true economic net income produced by a company ( Baker, 2001 ) . It is often besides demoted to as economic net income , and provides a measuring of a company s economic success ( or adversity ) A over a period. Such a metric is utile for investors who desire to find how good a company has produced value for its investors, and it can be compare against the company s equals for a speedy analy sis of how good the company is runing in its industry ( Pike and Neal, 2006 ) .Harmonizing to Tauba, 2003 ) market value addedA ( MVA ) , on the other manus, is merely the difference between the current sum market value of a company and the capital contributed by investors ( including both stockholders and bondholders ) . MVA is non a public presentation metric like EVA because MVA reflecting more likely intangible prosodies compare to EVA so EVA is a wealth metric is straight related to stockholders wealth and mensurating the degree of value, and a company has accumulated them over clip ( Taube, 2003 ) . As a company executes good over clip, it will retain earnings.A This will retrieve the book value ofA the companysA portions, and investors will probably offer up the monetary values ofA those portions in outlook of future net incomes, doing the company s market value to emanation ( Taube, 2003 ) . As this happens, the difference between the company s market value and the capital contributed by investors ( it is MVA ) represents the extra monetary value the market assigns to the company because of it prehistorical operating successes.11. Advantages of Shareholder value analysisSVA has the undermentioned advantages ( Aglietta, 2000 ) It obtains a long-run fiscal position on which to establish strategic determinationsIt offers a universal and general attack that is non capable to differences in companies accounting policies and is hence applicable internationally and across concern sectorsIt forces the organisation to do topographic point and focal point on the hereafter and its clients, peculiarly the value of future hard currency flowsAdvantages are great as these been described earlier and these forces company s direction to follow and understand the model for mensurating SVA.12. A model for find out SVAHarmonizing to Tahir and Conway, ( 2009, pp-7 ) All finding Framework should hold implicit in rules and that prosodies should be link to concern scheme a nd those cardinal elements which as pursuitTax return on selling investingShareholder value is calculate by spliting the estimated entire net value of a company based on its present and future hard currency flows by the value of its portions of stock. The resulting figure indicates the company s value to shareholders ( Pike and Neal, 2006 ) .Customer satisfactionSatisfaction is the major driver through which keeping rate of client ( repeat purchase ) achieved, greater the merchandise and service public presentation greater the client delectation, which has ultimate, impact on more gross revenues therefore stockholders wealth can be increase ( Kotler and Armstrong, 2002 ) .Without vacillation, the stakeholder group seen to make the great challenge to the laterality of stockholder involvements is clients. It is inexplicit that no company can make great wealth for its stockholders without a stable and turning gross base watercourse, which can merely come from holding really satisfied and loyal clients. However, this consequence is by no agencies mechanical. It is possible to achieve high degrees of client satisfaction and yet be unable to interpret this supposed advantage into adequate returns for stockholders, allow entirely great wealth ( CIM, 2002 ) .In add-ons, client satisfaction will take topographic point when the merchandise or service meets or exceeds outlooks and is obtained at a monetary value no higher than its evident value. Furthermore, to the value perceived by clients, every merchandise and service besides contributes some to stockholder value. The size of this part will depend on the volume sold, the monetary value realized, the cost of doing and presenting the Product and service to clients and the needed investing. These factors interrelate to bring forth a hard currency flow watercourse for the concern. The present value of this hard currency flow watercourse determines the pecuniary advantage to stockholders of bring forthing and selling th e merchandise or service ( McTaggart and Kontes, 2007 ) .Market portion in targeted sectionsThe company scheme must work to increase the figure of clients on regular footing as greater the figure of metameric market greater the public presentation of the company.Brand equityHarmonizing to Doyle, ( 2001 ) Brand is now, recognised by investors as a important beginning of strength and value for concern selling scheme. Brand equity of a company drama positive function in increasing the wealth of their stockholders so in this respect, direction plants and develop business-marketing scheme, which must do alliance with trade name and its development ( Baker, 2001 ) .Enterprise administrationIt is the set of duties and patterns exercised by the board and effectual direction with the end of supplying and implying strategic way through guaranting organizational aims have achieved, and besides determining that the hazards are managed suitably by verifying that the administration s resources a re used sanely ( Denis and McConnell, 2003 ) .In concern, a common set of recognized concern theoretical accounts and a procedure for developing a set of prosodies related to hard currency flow results and it is of import to cognize it is the cardinal country of SVA programmes.Harmonizing to Tahir and Conway, ( 2009 ) to accomplish stockholders value the sustainable value creative activity attack is of import. Using the sustainable value attack ( as above ) economic, environmental and societal resources are assessed ( strategic survey ) and aggregated based on their comparative value part and can be articulate in a pecuniary unit or can be quantify.13. Research PurposeThe cardinal purpose of this thesis is to analyze the determiners of stockholders value analysis through a holistic attack by reexamining and analyzing how involvements of stockholders, are protected, and constrained throughout the life of a company. So the purpose of my thesis can be explained as it is Determining of Shareholder Value Analysis ( SVA ) Through Performance Management in Commercial Sector 13.1. Research AimsWhat are the functions of stockholders value analysis in the strategic corporate scheme in the commercial sector?What are the determiners that play significance function to increase the stockholders wealth in the commercial sector?How do the value added determiners ( touchable and intangible ) have important impact on stockholders wealth in the commercial sector?14. Choice of Research Methodology14.1 Research ClassificationsResearch can sort into three groups as Pure Research, Applied Research, and Action Research ( Easterby-Smith & A Lowe 1991 ) . Each of these are distinguished by their features and intended results. These could be view as the followersPure research is indent to take to theoretical developments. It is consequences are circulating to an academic audience. Pure research can farther be branched into three categories- Discovery, Invention, and Reflection.Discover y arises when a new thought or account emerges from empirical research, which may revolutionise believing that that specific country. They are high-flown and unpredictable ( Easterby-Smith & A Lowe 1991 ) .Invention occurs where a new technique, regularity, or thought creates for a peculiar issue, based on the direct experiences of their discoverers. Examples include Scientific Management Total Quality Management ( TQM ) .Contemplation like the one the name suggests, occurs where an bing theory technique or group of thoughts are re-examined.Applied Research is undertaken when solutions to specific jobs are required. It normally involves working with clients who identify the jobs and are involved in the solution. The consequences so reported to the client and disseminated through diaries and other publications ( Sutherland, 2004 ) .Action Research deals with the position that research should take to alter, which should integrate into the research procedure itself. It operates base d on engagement ( Salford University, 1999 ) , and stresses the importance of set uping a collaborative affinity between the research workers and researched a new paradigm research attack. It is largely utile when working with persons or little groups ( Easterby Smith & A Lowe 1991 ) and most suited to state of affairss where alteration has planned or at hand ( Salford University, 1999 ) . The research procedure itself is portion of the acquisition procedure.14.2 MethodologyHarmonizing to Burns and Bush, ( 2006 ) methodological analysis refers to the scientific discipline of finding purloin methods to carry on research.Collis and Hussy, ( 2003, pp-82 ) refer the word research Methodology associates to the overall attack to the research procedure, which is theoretical base of aggregation and analysis of the information, considered .Similarly, the analysis of the rules of methods, regulations, and posit ( hypnotized or assume ) employed by a subject the systematic survey of met hods that are and it can be, or have been applied within a scientific subject a certain process or set of processs is called Methodology. Methodology moreover refers to more than a simple set of methods it refers to the ruler and the philosophical premises that underline a peculiar survey. Research methodological analysis frequently refers to anything and everything that enclosed for a subject or a series of procedures, activities, and undertakings. Few illustrations can happen in package development, undertaking direction and concern procedure Fieldss, and other Internet selling ( IMA ) research. This usage of the term is structured by the lineation who, what, where, when and why. Harmonizing to Collis and Hussey, ( 2003 ) research methodological analysis determines the research whole procedure from the beginning to the terminal.They besides highlight the research doctrine, which refers to the premises refering the universe and the genius of cognitionThe term methodological an alysis may be used either to mention to the chief paradigms of an attack ( i.e. qualitative or quantitative ) or to specify an operational research technique which can be completed through Questionnaire- Based Structured, Case Study Technique and Semi- Structured Interviews ( Yin, 2002 ) . In the branch case of usage, there are two different research attacks to the aggregation and handling of informations the Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches.1. The quantitative attack or scientific method ( as it is besides known ) , is founded on the averment that there is a individual world, which is nonsubjective. It is hence possible and necessary toSeparate the phenomenon from the environing environment and do a separate appraisal.Maintain distance and objectiveness from the research topicObserve without inter-relating to what is observed2. The qualitative attack on the other manus has an opposite position. It is base on the premises that there is no remarkable aim world and that t he nature of the ascertained world is in some manner related to the research worker s interaction with it. It is a realistic though complex survey since it does non enforce any isolating premises or controls on the phenomenon. This attack yields rich, complex informations and the findings focal point on the qualities of the research topic, instead than their numeral measuring ( Salford University, 1999 ) . This theory is instead better for theory edifice so proving.A instance survey attack to action research will chiefly be usage in this survey. Case surveies can categorise as the followers ( Yin 1994 ) Exploratory- normally focuses on theory developmentExplanatory- involves hypothesis testing.Descriptive- describe an uncontrived state of affairsFurther Amartunga, ( 1998 ) stated that a instance survey attack to research is ideal whena holistic, in-depth probe is needed,to research those chosen state of affairss,To look into a modern-day phenomenon within its existent life contextTo direct out the inside informations from the point of view of the participants by utilizing fivefold beginnings of informationsThere are many benefits of utilizing a instance survey attack as listed ( Yin, 2002 ) well-fixed penetration, into the issue under considerationProvision of illustrationsFlexibilityBridging spread between industry and academeDevelopment of a web of peoplePermission of multiple beginnings of information and stuffsOn the other manus, there are many troubles associated with the instance analyze attack excessivelyA inclination to be excessively descriptiveTrouble in screening out proper information volume of informations generatedBy and large do non seek to analyse issuesDecision may be statistically limitedTend to capture the experience of an organisation merely at a peculiar period of clipFor Secondary informations there are following resource have to be look to deplumate up research stuff and information for farther research they could be hold relationshi p up to some extent but it is great aid to get down primary research asCustomer records ( e.g. regular purchaser ) reportGross saless figuresOperational informations stock degreesCustomer satisfaction study consequencesAd spendCustomer ailments recordsEffective informations from promotional runs ( good consequence )Marketing research studies from past surveies14.3 Data Collection and AnalysisData collected chiefly through study scheme carried out by the research worker, consequences will so analyse. The secondary agencies of roll uping informations for the research through literature reappraisal. This takes the signifier of books, academic and professional diaries, posters on cyberspace web sites and newspaper articles. Last, semi-structured ( Qualitative ) interviews will hold taken in order to flesh out issues and find industry place and sentiments sing assorted issues.

Is playing Sports a Good Hobby ?

Sport is identified as a physical body process carried out by human beings usually executed by following a set of rules and principles to ensure fair competition among the candidates. contend sports and indulging in physical activities aids in confirming various health benefits including comfortable respiration, muscular development, bone strength, advanced life expectancy, and coronary fitness. Playing sports helps in safeguarding the body and prevents it from contracting various types of maladys like cancer.Also, it assists in controlling unnecessary weight establish and depression by diverting the mind in a positive direction. Some of the affirmative effects of playing sports have been discussed below. It is a known fact that regaling in any kind of physical activity leads to a healthy workout and consequently promotes weight loss. Sports acts as a catalyst for the metabolic processes and resultantly increases persist body mass, burns calories and aids in attaining perfect b ody shape.There is a lot of variation in the amount of suggested physical work. It is mainly due to the variation in the shape/size of the body of distinguishable individuals and amount of calorie input, nonetheless it is remedial for deal who are obese. As enumerated by the U. S. Department of health and Human Services, Weight stability can be obtained if 2-5 hours are invested in playing averagely demanding sports. Playing spicy intensity sport is extremely material for people who wish to reduce their weight adequately.It is advised by physicians that people of all age groups must undertake any kind of physical activity or sport as it in helps in cultivating a healthy tenderheartedness and mind. As delineated by the British Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, about 40 percent of deaths related to coronary heart disease take place due to insufficient physical work, overweight, mental stress and increased furrow pressure. Sports can help in dealing with these phys ical ailments by reducing the contingency of coronary disease by almost 50 percent.Decrease in the strength of muscles, bones and joints, is an inevitable corollary of growing old. Aged people are advised to go for regular walks and practice numerous physical exercises so that their body move are in healthy and working condition. Thus, it can be concluded that playing sports is very significant for people of all age groups and must be taken up seriously in pitch to maintain a healthy body.

American Presidency

Domestic form _or_ system of g all everywherenment encompasses a variety of insurance insurance polity issues which range from p everyplacety, law enforcement, environmental protection, labor traffic among opposite issues. However, in recent years, the focus in domestic help policy has shifted to focusing on health c atomic number 18 insurance, stem cell and AIDS research, prescription drug coverage, educational testing and accountability, drilling, logging, wel farthere reform, gay marriage, affirmative action, homeland security, transportation safety among former(a) issues . Discussions over these issues atomic number 18 usually contentious since the members of the console ask control over how they are formulated and implemented.The cabinet was created in browse to allow policy-making constituencies considered important an institutional voice in running of the government aff piece of cakes. The rebellion of important constituencies and issues necessitate the devotio n to domestic policy by agencies. In this regard, the death chairs in authority waste usually coordinated policy development using keyized mechanisms. History of domestic policy over various administrations. Many chairmans have pine felt that they had special powers over the domestic policy.During the 1930s, Franklin Roosevelt had a go for to add-on control over this policy and began examining the code which was being sent by agencies and departments to copulation. This was a figure out which was known as central clearance and it was aimed at effectening the organisation. It achieved this purpose since after sometime, in addition to examining the proposed legislation the hot seat has the power to examine the decision guider orders, proposed testimony and enrolled bills. In 1939, there was the creation of the Executive percentage of the professorship. in that respect was to a fault the creation of White theatre of operations Office, and this ensured that the death chair had a cadre of person-to-person staff at his disposal. chairwoman Truman change magnitude involvement in development of policies, as well as the size of personal staff. Dwight Eisenhower doubled the staff portfolios including the White House Office for planning, atomic energy, and agriculture and airways modernization. President Kennedy joined the governing body and undid nigh of the formal structures that Dwight Eisenhower had developed, though he bear the White House policy development.Lyndon Johnson made move policy changes in the domestic policy and expanded the domestic staff of the White House. He also institutionalized several(prenominal) task forces which consulted within and outside government to seek new ideas. President Richard Nixon change the Bureau of the Budget of Office of focusing and Budget. This office was designed to help him in management the wider executive branches. New political appointees were installed and they had a higher rank than the care er analysts of the agency.The next president, Gerald Ford, eliminated the Domestic Council and created the Economic indemnity Board which was also staffed by personnel of the White House. Carter on the other hand sacked quintuple cabinet secretaries, and this undermined the gains which had been made as far as centralized staff was concerned. Ronald Reagan incr helpd control of central domestic budgeting and he defended this decision by explaining the pauperization for urgent budget at the time. This led to an increase in control of the policy development.He also used the White House to create seven cabinet councils and their purpose was to ensure that heads of departments followed priorities of the White House. His model has been retained by subsequent presidents, though it has changed names severally. to a lower place President Bush, it was known as the Domestic constitution Council. President Clinton on the other hand increased the National Economic Council and this was forme d to handle issues which did not fit into DPC or NSC jurisdiction. The system was also retained by President Bush, and he increased the composition of the DPC staff to over twenty professionals.Power of President over domestic policy. Currently the President has restrain powers over the domestic policy collect to influence from copulation. However, the president thunder mug influence the domestic policy through two ways appointments or reorganization. These ways can be used to gain influence over agencies which the presidency has no prior control over. The presidency can also to a certain extent influence the interpretation of law through directive the agencies on how to interpret bills which have been signed into law, by use of signing statements.In case legislation is mum or vague on certain matters, the presidency may use executive orders, presidential proclamations or memoranda to shape the implementation of the law. It may shape the law and direct it in a stress which m ay be different from the one the lawmakers contemplated. For instance, President Clinton used the presidential proclamation to develop a national monument in Utah, on two million acres of land. President Bush on the other hand set up a military tribunal for non-citizen terrorist suspects through an executive order in 2001.Another means which the presidency uses to control domestic policy is through the process of rule-making. The Office of Management and Budget plays the role of reviewing the regulations of the central clearing process. This office has also the power to review draft regulations, oddly those which are not favorable to the society. In 1985, an executive order was issued to agencies, requiring them to forward an anticipated regulatory actions name which was to be reviewed by OMB. Interest groups and legislators grumbled, though Reagan and subsequent presidents have primary(prenominal)tained these processes, some of which are stronger. relative established this loop hole and established statutory power which delayed changing major rules by sixty days, in 1995. During that period, Congress also gave itself power to veto such decisions through joint resolution. In 2001, this veto was used against rules of biotechnology which the Occupational Safety and Health Administration had issued. American Presidency control over inappropriate policy. The unify States overseas policy guides the traffichip which the joined States has with other unlike nations.It is very influential mainly due to the reason that the United States has the largest economy and that it is the except superpower present . The aim of the US conflicting policy is the creation of a prosperous, democratic and secure environment for Americans and the international community. It deals with export controls such as nonproliferation of nuclear hardware and technology, safe reserveing US interestingnesss abroad, as well as fostering trade and economic relations with other countries . Many people are of the opinion that the American presidency has to a big(p)er extent than control over foreign policy than domestic policy .This especially became clear after the September 11 act of terrorism attacks against the United States. However, there has been a long conflict between the President and Congress over the aright to formulate foreign policy. The main debate has centered on if congress and the Presidency are correspond partners in formulation of the foreign policy, or if the Presidency is solely responsible for the formulation of the foreign policy. There is also a debate on whether Congress has the right to enact legislation which controls the flexibility of the Presidency.This seek for control of foreign policy between Congress and the Presidency began during the world wars after countries began being interdependent. In 1920, Congress challenged the presidential treaty and began being assertive in running the foreign policy agenda. some(prenominal) peo ple are of the view that the intrusion of Congress in the running of the foreign policy has been bleak and may have hindered a crucial US role, which may have averted World War ii . War powers. According to the US constitution, the President and Congress share power to declare war against other countries.However, umpteen another(prenominal) presidents have not involved Congress when ordering war against other countries which are considered to be enemies of the United States. President Thomas Jefferson dispatched US Naval ships to guard vessels against attacks by pirates without prior Congressional approval. The president later secured support from Congress, though he set a precedent which has been used by many subsequent presidents. Another example is President Nixon and Johnson who although had support from Congress, there was unanimous agreement among Congress that the actions in the Vietnam War had gone beyond those which had been given approval.In 1973, the passing of the Wa r Powers Resolution Act was passed, and it required the president to seek approval from Congress whenever soldiers were about to be put in harms way . It also stipulated that hostilities should be ended by the President within 60 days, unless war had been declared against another country by Congress, or if the 60 day condition had been extended by Congress. The third exception was if withdrawing soldiers after 60 days would cause harm to them. Non military foreign facilitate.Foreign attention is a part of the US foreign policy and is under the international affairs budget of the State Department. Some of the components include economic assistance which supports security and political goals, bilateral development aid, multilateral economic contributions and adult maleitarian aid. In feature, the US is the largest aid donor internationally in absolute dollar terms. Domestic versus international powers. Currently, the United States Presidency has greater power in the international arena, as has been analyzed in the domestic policy and foreign policy above.Due to the resistance by Congress on control over the domestic policy by the Presidency, this tag the beginning of curtailing the Presidents powers as far as domestic policy control is concerned. It has also been discussed that in 1995, Congress gave itself statutory powers to delay implementation or even reverse unfavorable policies and laws which are imposed by the Presidency. On the other hand, it has been discussed that the US foreign policy was also meant to be controlled by the Presidency and Congress on an equal basis .The opposition to unpopular presidential policies began as early as 1920. However, President Thomas Jefferson set a precedent when he overlooked the ordinance of Congress as far as foreign policy formulation is involved. This precedent was followed by many subsequent presidents, as has been discussed in the paper. Other presidents sought the approval of Congress before implementing fo reign policy, but once they got this approval, they went beyond the boundaries of the mandate that they had been given. This undermined the role of Congress as far as foreign policy was involved.Currently, it is clear that the Presidency has more than control over the foreign policy than over the domestic policy. The domestic policy can only be influenced through appointments and reorganization. This is a very limited form of control over Congress. However, in the foreign policy control, the Presidency can impose policies which go over the mandate of Congress. This illustrates that the American Presidency has more control in foreign policy affairs as opposed to the domestic policy. Arguments against greater international power by US presidents.Some people are of the view that the US presidency should have limited powers as far as foreign policy or international power is involved. One of the main reasons for supporting this argument originates from the track record of previous presi dents as far as international power is involved. Many of the previous presidents including Gerald Ford, John Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, George Bush and Ronald Reagan have been accused by many political experts of pursuing American interests as far as capitalist tendencies are involved, and ignoring domestic issues including real democracy and human rights.For instance, President Bush has been accused of exploiting international power and waging the war against Iraq, which has cost billions of dollars, yet many people in America do not have access to basic services . The public figure of people who do not have medical insurance at all, or have limited coverage, is more than two million, and millions others do not have access to decent housing. In spite of this situation, billions of dollars are being spent annually in Iraq and other external military installations, despite opposition from the public.There are also people who are of the opinion that the US foreign policy supports some c urrent and originator dictatorial regimes through the foreign policy, and this undermines the gains which have been made through democracy, as well as undermines the human rights agreements. Due to the current financial crisis which faces the United States and other countries of the world, it is very important for the current US President to concentrate more on the domestic policy than international policy, since the economy of the United States is at stake.Summary and conclusion. It has been discussed that the American Presidency has certain influence over Congress in both(prenominal) the foreign and domestic policy affairs. However, the Presidency is able to control the foreign affairs policy more than the domestic policy for the most part due to the precedent which was set by President Thomas Jefferson. Most people are against the surfeit control over the foreign policy, especially during this time of the global economic crisis, where the Presidency should be more focused on improving the local economy.It is hoped that the current president will involve Congress in all policy affairs, in order to get through the economic crisis and develop an effective foreign policy. Works Cited. Ambrosio, Thomas. Ethnic identity groups and U. S. foreign policy. Washington Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p 117-122. Barilleaux Ryan J. & Rozell Mark J. Power and prudence The Presidency of George H. W. Bush. Texas Texas A&M University Press, 2004, p 27-32. DeConde Alexander, Burns Richard Dean, Logevall Fredrik. Encyclopedia of American foreign policy. Washington Scribner, 2002, p 255-261.May Bernhard, Honicke Michaela, Moore Michaela Honicke. The Uncertain Superpower Domestic Dimensions of U. S. Foreign polity After the Cold War. Washington VS Verlag, 2003, p 29-36. Singh, Robert. American Government and Politics A Concise Introduction. New York SAGE, 2003, p 270-275. Sylvan David & Majeski Stephen. US Foreign Policy in Perspective Clients, Enemies and Empire. London Routledge, 2009, p 40-46. Wittkopf Eugene R. 7 McCormick James M. The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy Insights and Evidence. New York Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, p 34-38.American PresidencyThe books Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents The Politics of Leadership, The Presidency In A marooned System, and Debating the Presidency Conflicting Perspectives on the American Executive attest that in the United States, the president has extensive powers. He or she functions in many capacities on tap. As a stray system, Charles O. Jones says that the American president essentially though the president in the United States is also the chief policymaker and loss leader of the presidents political party, they share the roles of head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces (Neustadt, 1991).The president is thus the most unifying force in a political system in which power is highly dispersed, both within the government and between government and the people. The president and advisors also establish and administer national policies in such areas as social security, education, health, civil rights, and air and water pollution (Neustadt, 1991). Because of the importance of the United States in international affairs as the president is the chief diplomat himself, the US presidential race is followed with interest all over the world.Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson also point out that as the U. S. politics as a degage system affects the elected president, the US president, as political leader, appoints cabinet and subcabinet officers, federal judges, US attorneys, and ambassadors to important foreign countries and fills several thousand other jobs of varying importance. The president also administers an executive pork barrel or the distribution of federal funds to be spent on public works, military installations, and social programs.The president and advisors also establish and administer national policies in such areas as social security, education, health, civil rights, and air and water pollution. The foremost prize of American politics is granted to anyone who qualifies for the position after a vote vote. The election of the president of the United States every 4 years is the focal point of the American political process. Because of the importance of the United States in international affairs as the president is the chief diplomat himself, the US presidential race is followed with interest all over the world.The formal qualifications for presidential candidacy, as limited by Article II Section 1 of the Constitution, are that the aspirant must be at least 14-year natural-born resident of the United States and must have reached the age of 35. the 25th Amendment to the Constitution details procedures for presidential and vice-presidential succession when there is a vacancy in either office that the president make outs incapacitated.Should the presidency and the vice-presidency become vacant simu ltaneously, the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate, in that order are next in the line of succession, followed by members of the cabinet in a specified order. When war broke out in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson had announced a policy of neutrality for the United States. This policy was hard to maintain for a number of reasons. Most Americans sympathized with Britain and France because they were democratic countries.It is the exemplary polity of the United States that buttresses the foreign policies established and engaged in by American presidents (Jones, 1994). How much a president is weighed down by either a domestic policy or a foreign policy is a matter of debate. From a pragmatic perspective, the ease of the presidents management of policies is contingent on persistence to the United States welfare in the long run. For instance, U. S.military and foreign policies have been progressively maneuvered by the need to guarantee steadfast access to overs eas oil, more than ever in the Middle East, and that as American imported oil dependence carries on to ironically streng indeed our industries and conflict with some British-dependent Arab nations, the American forces will ever more find themselves waging war to guard oil-producing zones and supply routes. American leaders have preferred to securitize oil while preserving healthy international relations (Ellis and Nelson, 2006).Foreign policies have also made American presidents wary of their consequences at the local level (Zernicke, 1994). No drumhead about it the 9/11 incident was the commencement of enlarged hostilities and vigilance as well. Security unavoidably have turned our country into a police state. The bottomline of this is the tight spot between safety of secret individuals and the world as a whole (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Adds Richard Neustadt, the United States is a natural businesswoman too if modern capitalism is any indication. The United States is one of the four huge countries that accounted for more than two-thirds of total world exports.The president sincerely yours accustomed to this separated system seems to partake not merely the powers but the countrys resources as he welcomes the idea of internationalism because it is what will make most of the Americans lives easy however hard it may be for him to sustain the strength of the U. S. dollar in the international market. The American economy has been a symbolisation of the wealth of a nation. The efforts of our forefathers and present geniuses have created economic values, which drive the presidents to be protective of local interests in the global village (Neustadt, 1991).Historically, as the United States grew stronger economically, its leaders continued to favor a policy of expansion. The fast growth of industry created a need for markets for American manufactured goods and a need for raw materials (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Moreover, several prominent Americans believed that expansion would demonstrate American power and greatness. It was the destiny of the United States, they argued, to become a great power, and this meant extending American influence to other lands and raising the American flag on distant shores.It may not be easy to carry out foreign policies for a single president that may need to contend with a legion more of leaders in the international arena, but what his painstaking efforts make of his image will be an easy preference for the people that put him in the White House (Neustadt, 1991). Many international allies resented the growing influence and power of the United States. They felt their neighbor to the trades union had turned from a protector to an aggressor. But by its role in the Caribbean, in particular, the United States revealed its strength as a nation.In only a little more than a century it had grown from an babe republic to a major power in international affairs (Ellis and Nelson, 2006). Richard Neustadt, Charles O. Jone s, Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson prove that Americans cannot deny the fact that in our political experiences, the successive change in political leadership led to anything but an gain in the lives of the people. The domestic policies had improved education and had built housing, schools, roads, and railways. But on a larger scale, federalism comely proves that the American polity is the most influential political event in world history.It provided for the actualization of the ideals and principles of such political thinkers as John Locke, Rousseau, and many others (Jones, 1994). The achievement of independence, adoption of the Constitution, and the creation of the republic served as lessons to other people in their struggle to build their nation. The success of the federal republic proved that individual states could be united under a central government but still free to act in order to solve their internal problems (Neustadt, 1991).We have been living under representative d emocracy, which basically means that we have elected presidents among a variety of leaders to represent us, to give us voice in forums, and then periodically we have judged well they represented us. American polity, in the very form of the Constitution, gives the world a mindset miraculous in the era of revolutions that if we value freedom and independence, if we are disturbed by the form of attitudes, values, and behavior that bureaucracies often induce, then we may wish to set up conditions and policies that foster uniqueness, self-direction, and human dignity, topically or globally.Works Cited Neustadt, Richard. (1991) Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents The Politics of Leadership. Free Press. Jones, Charles O. (1994). The Presidency In A Separated System. Brookings Institution. Ellis, Richard J. and Michael Nelson. (2006). Debating the Presidency Conflicting Perspectives on the American Executive. CQ Press.